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The mercury-based technology is the main production method in China. It has since been superseded by more economical processes based on ethylene in the United States and Europe. This method was widely used during the 1930s and 1940s in the West. In 1912, Fritz Klatte, a German chemist working for Griesheim-Elektron, patented a means to produce vinyl chloride from acetylene and hydrogen chloride using mercuric chloride as a catalyst. They obtained it by treating 1,2-dichloroethane with a solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol. Vinyl chloride was first produced in 1835 by Justus von Liebig and his student Henri Victor Regnault. Vinyl chloride has also been used in the past as a refrigerant. Smaller amounts of vinyl chloride are used in furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automotive parts. Vinyl chloride was briefly used as an inhalational anaesthetic, in a similar vein to ethyl chloride, though its toxicity forced this practice to be abandoned. Until 1974, vinyl chloride was used in aerosol spray propellant. Several million tons of PVC are sold on the global market each year. From its flake or pellet form PVC is sold to companies that heat and mold the PVC into end products such as PVC pipe and bottles.
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The final product of the polymerization process is PVC in either a flake or pellet form. Vinyl chloride liquid is fed to polymerization reactors where it is converted from a monomeric VCM to a polymeric PVC. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is very stable, storable, and not toxic as the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Due to the hazardous nature of vinyl chloride to human health there are no end products that use vinyl chloride in its monomer form. Vinyl chloride is a chemical intermediate, not a final product.
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In the past VCM was used as a refrigerant. Vinyl chloride is a common contaminant found near landfills. Vinyl chloride that is released by industries or formed by the breakdown of other chlorinated chemicals can enter the air and drinking water supplies. It can be formed in the environment when soil organisms break down chlorinated solvents. It is highly toxic, flammable, and carcinogenic. Vinyl chloride is a gas with a sweet odor. China is also a large manufacturer and one of the largest consumers of VCM. The United States currently remains the largest VCM manufacturing region because of its low-production-cost position in chlorine and ethylene raw materials. VCM is among the top twenty largest petrochemicals ( petroleum-derived chemicals) in world production. About 13 billion kilograms are produced annually. This colorless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is also called vinyl chloride monomer ( VCM) or chloroethene. I forgot about it and well, it turned out like this.Vinyl chloride is an organochloride with the formula H 2C=CHCl. In time, salt crystals started to grow on the side of the walls.Īfter an unspecified amount of time I took the nicest looking ones and placed it in a separate cup, with spacing between each crystal. Once it’s warm to touch I started to decant the solution into a plastic cup (glass would be ideal, but plastic cups are fine) This is when I mixed in the blue and green food colouring I proceeded to let it cool and a salt crust immediately formed on the surface. Another sign to tell that it’s supersaturated is that the spoon will form a salt crust once you lift it up from the salt solution. When the salt could no longer dissolve, I boiled the solution and stirred it with a spoon, until salt is visibly formed on the pot despite the boiling. I didn’t really do specific measurements because for salt it takes very long to crystallise so I had to ensure that it is supersaturated. I used an unspecified amount of water, and added salt into it until the salt couldn’t dissolve. For this experiment I bought normal salt.